Research

Water Cycle

Water Cycle and Ecohydrology

Understanding the Changing Global Water Cycle

The team investigates how global warming and human activities are altering fundamental water cycle processes. They seek to reconcile different data sources (like satellite, model (such as PML-V2 evapotranspiration and HBV-PML hydrological models), and ground observations) to better quantify these changes, asking critical questions such as why parts of the water cycle appear to be stagnating despite warming, and how human actions reshape water availability and ecosystem functions—like the roles of forests as "sponges" or "pumps"—at regional and global scales.

PML_v2

PML_v2

Penman-Monteith-Leuning Evapotranspiration V2 (PML_V2) products include evapotranspiration (ET), its three components, and gross primary production (GPP) at 500m and 8-day resolution during 2000-2023.

Related Publications

Zhang, Y., et al. (2016). Multi-decadal trends in global terrestrial evapotranspiration and its components. Sci. Rep. 6, 19124. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19124
Zhang, Y., et al. (2019). Coupled estimation of 500m and 8-day resolution global evapotranspiration and gross primary production in 2002-2017. Remote Sensing Environ. 222, 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.12.031
He, S., et al. (2022). A daily and 500 m coupled evapotranspiration and gross primary production product across China during 2000–2020. Earth Syst. Sci. Data. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-183
Wang, X., et al. (2025). Satellite data-driven estimation of daily and 500 m net ecosystem exchange over China during 2003–2020. Remote Sensing of Environment, 331, 115047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.115047
HBV-PML

HBV-PML

The HBV-PML model provides critical data support for global water resource assessments. This innovative model integrates the remote sensing evapotranspiration model PML with the classical hydrological model HBV, significantly improving the accuracy of evapotranspiration simulation through remote sensing observations. It effectively overcomes the limitations of traditional models in representing vegetation dynamics.

Water Disasters

Water-Related Disasters and Security

Under Climate Change

This theme focuses on the mechanisms and impacts of extreme hydrological events, including droughts and floods. The group studies how droughts develop and propagate through different environmental layers, how flood patterns have evolved in China over decades, and how to enhance societal and ecological resilience to water-related extremes in a changing climate.

Forest Fire and Flood

Forest Fire & Flood Ecological-Hydrological Effects

The research explores the impacts of bushfires on hydrological processes in southeast Australia, particularly focusing on changes in water balance and flood magnitudes. One study examines the effects of the 2009 Victorian Bushfires on water balance in eight forested catchments, finding a reduction in evapotranspiration and an increase in streamflow, leading to a long-term decline in water storage in burned areas. Another study investigates the 2019-2020 mega forest fires, showing that these fires significantly amplified flood magnitudes, especially in regions with winter-dominated rainfall.

Related Publications

Xu, Z., et al. (2022). Bushfire‐Induced Water Balance Changes Detected by a Modified Paired Catchment Method. Water Resources Research, 58(11). https://doi.org/10.1029/2021wr031013
Xu, Z., et al. (2023). Mega Forest Fires Intensify Flood Magnitudes in Southeast Australia. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(12). https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gl103812
Water Technology

Innovating Water Science

with New Technologies and Models

The group leverages advanced technologies such as high-resolution remote sensing and artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the monitoring and prediction of hydrological processes. They develop fine-scale datasets for evapotranspiration and vegetation productivity, integrate AI with physical models to enable better forecasting in ungauged basins, and work toward real-time flood prediction systems that support water resources management under climate change.

AI for Hydrology

AI for Hydrology Modeling

We introduce an AI-driven Transformer-based deep learning model to address data gaps in GRACE and GRACE Follow-On satellite data. By integrating meteorological and hydrological features like temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration, the model effectively fills the 11-month data gap, showing superior accuracy, particularly in arid regions. The transformer-based approach outperforms traditional methods, demonstrating the potential of AI in enhancing satellite data continuity and reliability for environmental monitoring.

Related Publications

Wang, L., & Zhang, Y. (2024). Filling GRACE data gap using an innovative transformer-based deep learning approach. Remote Sensing of Environment, 315, 114465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114465
CAS-Canglong

CAS-Canglong

We present a novel AI-based approach for sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) global sea surface temperature (SST) prediction, using a 3D Transformer model called CAS-Canglong. By leveraging the self-attention mechanism inherent in Transformer architectures, the model efficiently handles the complexities of ocean-atmosphere interactions and improves prediction accuracy. Compared to traditional physics-based models, CAS-Canglong demonstrates superior skill in predicting SST patterns, enhancing computational efficiency and forecasting accuracy for up to three months in advance. This approach shows great potential for improving predictions of extreme weather events like droughts and floods, as well as for future climate studies.

Related Publications

Wang, L., et al. (2024). CAS-Canglong: A skillful 3D Transformer model for sub-seasonal to seasonal global sea surface temperature prediction. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.05369